What is ibid meaning?

Ibid is an abbreviation of the Latin word 'ibidem,' which directly translates to 'in the same place.' It is commonly used in academic and professional writing to refer to sources that were previously cited in the immediately preceding note or citation.

For example, if a writer cites a book by author John Doe in the first footnote and then refers to the same book in the second footnote, they can simply write 'Ibid' instead of repeating the title and author's name. Ibid is typically followed by a page number or other specific location information to indicate where the previous citation can be found.

Ibid is used to avoid repetition and to make citations more concise and efficient. However, it is important to note that ibid should only be used for consecutive citations of the same source. If other sources are cited in between, the full citation should be used again.